(I) The significance of comprehensive recovery of tailings
The three major problems of "population growth, environmental pollution, and scarce resources" have seriously threatened the survival and development of human beings in today's world and become a worldwide problem that human beings urgently need to solve. Therefore, we must have a full understanding and attention to this. The survival and development of human beings are inseparable from mineral resources. The exploitation and utilization of mineral resources is an important material basis and condition for human survival and social development. Today, 90% of industrial products and 17% of consumer goods in the world are produced from mineral raw materials. At present, 95% of China's energy and 85% of raw materials are derived from mineral resources. However, mineral resources are non-renewable relative to human history, and with the continuous development and exploitation of society, mineral resources are declining and even depleted. In contrast, waste rock, tailings and waste residues discarded during the development and utilization of mineral resources are increasing year by year. According to preliminary statistics, China's annual discharge of tailings is about 200 million tons, increasing at a rate of 10% per year. These tailings not only takes up a lot of land area and infrastructure maintenance and funding, but also to the environment caused some harm. Therefore, the comprehensive recycling and utilization of tailings has become increasingly important and urgent. On the other hand, the comprehensive recovery and utilization of tailings can not only extend the period of use of mineral resources, expand the scope of utilization of mineral resources, extend the service life of mines, reduce environmental pollution, but also save a lot of land and funds, thus generating huge economic benefits. And social benefits for the benefit of mankind and society. Therefore, the comprehensive recovery and utilization of tailings is beneficial in today's work.
The comprehensive recovery and utilization of tailings contains two different meanings, one is recycling and the other is utilization. Due to the level of scientific and technological level and various related factors, it is impossible to select all the useful components in the tailings during the ore dressing production process, so there are a certain number of useful ingredients in various tailings. . In particular, the old tailings discharged in the past, due to various conditions and factors at the time, have a higher content of useful components. Another problem is the comprehensive utilization of tailings. Because tailings are a large amount of energy and metal materials consumed by people, and the powder materials transformed from ore, how to use them comprehensively by multidisciplinary technology is also an important research topic today. .
(II) Examples of tailings recovery
Copper Copper tonglushan recovering valuable elements from a high intensity magnetic separation tailings
Copper-based copper tonglushan large skarn iron deposits in symbiosis copper, copper ores and copper sulfide partial oxidation. Two types of ore enter the concentrator and are sorted by two major systems. The process is for flotation of copper, flotation tailings using weak magnetic field to select iron, and two products are copper concentrate and iron concentrate. Tailings grade: Cu 0.57%, TFe 22.0%, Au 0.32 g/t, Ag3 g/t.
Mineral composition, copper minerals in tailings are mainly malachite, pseudo malachite, chalcopyrite, a small amount of natural copper, chalcopyrite, Ban copper mine, a very small amount of blue copper ore and copper blue. Iron minerals mainly include magnetite, hematite, limonite and siderite; gangue minerals mainly include calcite , chalcedony, mica and sericite, followed by a small amount of garnet, epidote, diopside , apatite and topaz.
The recycling process is as follows: tailings are ground, - 200 mesh 60%, after grinding, adding 2000 g / ton of sodium sulfide, butyl yam 175 g / ton plus hydroxamic acid 36 g / ton as collector , 2 No. 20 g/ton is used as a foaming agent, and flotation tailings are coarsely selected by spiral flow trough. Selected by magnetic separation to obtain iron concentrate. The test results are shown in the table. Process flow chart
Comprehensive recovery test index
product name | Yield(%) | Grade (%) | Recovery rate (%) | ||||||
Cu | Fe | Au g/t | Ag g/t | Cu | Fe | Au | Ag | ||
Refined copper ore | 2.49 | 17.68 | 25.27 | 25.07 | 102 | 54.30 | 2.74 | 62.71 | 22.60 |
Tailings | 97.51 | 0.38 | 22.95 | 0.38 | 8.90 | 45.70 | 97.26 | 37.29 | 77.40 |
Strong magnetic dressing | 100.0 | 0.81 | 23.01 | 0.995 | 11.24 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
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